News View All Win Development Resources The new VB. Web services and SOA implementations in the. NET Framework OData provides patterns for HTTP, JSON, data access. C pronounced See Sharp is a multipurpose computer programming language suitable for a wide variety of development needs. This Wikibook introduces C language. Download Andrew Troelsen C# And The .Net Platform Pdf Free' title='Download Andrew Troelsen C# And The .Net Platform Pdf Free' />Common Intermediate Language Wikipedia. Common Intermediate Language CIL, formerly called Microsoft Intermediate Language MSIL, is the lowest level human readableprogramming language defined by the Common Language Infrastructure CLI specification and is used by the. NET Framework and Mono. Languages which target a CLI compatible runtime environment compile to CIL, which is assembled into an object code that has a bytecode style format. CIL is an object orientedassembly language, and is entirely stack based. Its bytecode is translated into native code ormost commonlyexecuted by a virtual machine. CIL was originally known as Microsoft Intermediate Language MSIL during the beta releases of the. Id suggest Inside C Tom Archer, Andrew Whitechapel and Introducing Microsoft. NET David S. Platt. Both include chapters on multithreading. This brings us to the current version of C and. NET 4. 6, which introduces a number of minor features that help streamline your codebase. You will see a number of. Common Intermediate Language CIL, pronounced either sil or kil, formerly called Microsoft Intermediate Language or MSIL, is the lowestlevel humanreadable. SharpDevelop also styled as develop is a free and open source integrated development environment IDE for the. NET Framework, Mono, Gtk and Glade platforms. It. NET languages. Due to standardization of C and the Common Language Infrastructure, the bytecode is now officially known as CIL. General informationeditDuring compilation of CLI programming languages, the source code is translated into CIL code rather than into platform or processor specific object code. CIL is a CPU and platform independent instruction set that can be executed in any environment supporting the Common Language Infrastructure,2 such as the. NET runtime on Windows, or the cross platform. Mono runtime. In theory, this eliminates the need to distribute different executable files for different platforms and CPU types. CIL code is verified for safety during runtime, providing better security and reliability than natively compiled executable files. The execution process looks like this Source code is converted to CIL i. Common Intermediate Language, which is the CLIs equivalent to assembly language for a CPU. CIL is then assembled into a form of so called bytecode and a CLI assembly is created. Upon execution of a CLI assembly, its code is passed through the runtimes JIT compiler to generate native code. Ahead of time compilation may also be used, which eliminates this step, but at the cost of executable file portability. The computers processor executes the native code. InstructionseditCIL bytecode has instructions for the following groups of tasks Computational modeleditThe Common Intermediate Language is object oriented and stack based. That means that data is pushed on a stack instead of pulled from registers as in most CPU architectures. In x. 86 it might look like this The corresponding code in IL can be rendered as this. Here are two locals that are pushed on the stack. When the add instruction is called the operands get popped and the result is pushed. The remaining value is then popped and stored in the first local. Object oriented conceptseditThis extends to object oriented concepts as well. You may create objects, call methods and use other types of members such as fields. CIL is designed to be object oriented and every method needs with some exceptions to reside in a class. So does this static method. Foo. methodpublicstaticint. Addint. 32,int. 32cilmanaged. This method does not require any instance of Foo to be declared because it is static. That means it belongs to the class and it may then be used like this in C In CIL ldc. Foo Addint. 32,int. Instance classeseditAn instance class contains at least one constructor and some instance members. This class has a set of methods representing actions of a Car object. Car. methodpublicspecialnamertspecialnameinstancevoid. Constructor. methodpublicvoid. Moveint. 32cilmanagedOmitting implementation. Turn. RightcilmanagedOmitting implementation. Turn. LeftcilmanagedOmitting implementation. BrakecilmanagedOmitting implementation Creating objectseditIn C class instances are created like this Carmy. Carnew. Car1,4 Caryour. Carnew. Car1,3 And these statements are roughly the same as these instructions ldc. Car. ctorint,intstloc. Car new Car1, 4 ldc. Car. ctorint,intstloc. Car new Car1, 3 Invoking instance methodseditInstance methods are invoked like the one that follows In CIL ldloc. Load the object my. Car on the stackldc. Car Moveint. 32MetadataeditCLI records information about compiled classes as Metadata. Like the type library in the Component Object Model, this enables applications to support and discover the interfaces, classes, types, methods, and fields in the assembly. The process of reading such metadata is called reflection. Metadata can be data in the form of attributes. Attributes can be custom made by extending from the Attribute class. This is a very powerful feature. It allows the creator of the class the ability to adorn it with extra information that consumers of the class can use in various meaningful ways depending on the application domain. ExampleeditBelow is a basic Hello, World program written in CIL. It will display the string Hello, world. Hello. assemblyexternmscorlib. Main. entrypoint. Hello, worldcallvoidmscorlibSystem. Console Write. LinestringretThe following code is more complex in number of opcodes. This code can also be compared with the corresponding code in the article about Java bytecode. Mainstringargsforinti2 ilt 1. Console. Write. Linei outer In CIL syntax it looks like this. Mainstringargscilmanaged. V0,int. 32. V1ldc. IL0. 01f. IL0. 00. IL0. 01. 1IL0. 00. IL0. 01bldloc. 1ldc. IL0. 01. 1 ldloc. IL0. 00. 8ldloc. System. Console Write. Lineint. IL0. IL0. 01f ldloc. IL0. 00. 4retThis is just a representation of how CIL looks like near VM level. When compiled the methods are stored in tables and the instructions are stored as bytes inside the assembly, which is a Portable Executable PE. GenerationeditA CIL assembly and instructions are generated by either a compiler or a utility called the IL Assembler ILAsm that is shipped with the execution environment. Assembled CIL can also be disassembled into code again using the IL Disassembler ILDASM. There are other tools such as. NET Reflector that can decompile CIL into a high level language e. Free Download Heroes Of Might And Magic Iii The Shadow Of Death. C or Visual Basic. This makes CIL a very easy target for reverse engineering. This trait is shared with Java bytecode. However, there are tools that can obfuscate the code, and do it so that the code cannot be easily readable but still be runnable. ExecutioneditJust in time compilationeditJust in time compilation JIT involves turning the byte code into code immediately executable by the CPU. The conversion is performed gradually during the programs execution. Las Vegas Castaway Font. JIT compilation provides environment specific optimization, runtime type safety, and assembly verification. To accomplish this, the JIT compiler examines the assembly metadata for any illegal accesses and handles violations appropriately. Ahead of time compilationeditCLI compatible execution environments also come with the option to do an Ahead of time compilation AOT of an assembly to make it execute faster by removing the JIT process at runtime. In the. NET Framework there is a special tool called the Native Image Generator NGEN that performs the AOT. In Mono there is also an option to do an AOT. Pointer instructions CCLIeditA huge difference from Javas bytecode is that CIL comes with ldind, stind, ldloca, and many call instructions which are enough for datafunction pointers manipulation needed to compile CC code into CIL. International Internship Program.